About Engineering & Plastic Technology

 INTRODUCTION An orifice is a small opening of any cross-section (such as circular, triangular, rectangular etc.) on the side or at the bottom of a tank through which a fluid is flowing. It is used to measure rate of flow of fluid  Thickness of orifice in direction of flow is very small in comparison to its other dimensions. i.e Orifice has a sharp edge so that there is an contact with fluid and consequently minimum friction resistance at its sides. If sharp edge is not provided the flow will depend on thickness of orifice and roughness of its boundary too. The rate of flow of fluid through orifice depend on shape, size and form of orifice. CLASSIFICATION OF ORIFICE A) On the basis of cross sectional area Circular orifice  Triangular orifice Rectangular orifice Square orifice B) According to size  Small orifice - If head of liquid (H) >5 Times depth of orifice Large orifice - H< 5d C) According to shape of edge Sharp edge orifice  Bell mounted D) According...

 Fluid Machines The machine that either add energy to the fluid or extract energy from fluid are called fluid machines. They are classified into two categories Positive displacement machine Turbomachines or dynamic machines POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINE:- are those machine in which energy transfer is accompolished by volume changes that takes place due to movement of the boundaries in which the fluid is confined. TURBOMACHINES:- Fluid device which direct the flow with blades or vanes attached to a rotating member are termed as dynamic or turbo machine. Eg Francis turbine, Centrifugal pump etc Each of these two category or sub classification as pumps and turbines                 Pump are those machine which add energy to the fluid                 Turbines are those machines which extract energy from the fluid Some example of positive displacement pump are Reciprocating...