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EXTRUDER DIES

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  EXTRUDER DIES Extruder Sheet and Cast Film The convention between cast film and sheet is that film is less than 0.01 inch thick and sheet is more than 0.01 inch thick. The key components in a sheet/film extrusion line are: die, three-roll stack or cooling rolls, puller or nip rolls, and windup or sheet stacking system. The sheet die should uniformly distribute the polymer melt across the  entire die width. This is to provide a uniform melt thickness and polymer flow to the three-roll stack. Die width typically range from approximately 24-120 inches (0.6-3 meters. Cast film/sheet is produced using a multiple roll stack. Depending on the thickness, film is wound in continuous rolls and sheet is cut to length and stacked. The die is designed to fit between the rolls in a three-roll stack and lay the sheet down on the roll. Roll diameters generally range between 8 and 16 inches. Roll stack designs are simple 'up' or 'down' stacks to control the entry and exit angle and th...
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CARBON FIBER

 HISTORY The aerospace industy was among the first to realize the benefits of composite materials. The Voyager, which without refueling in 1986 , was constructed from graphite and aramid-reinforced plastics. INTRODUCTION Airplanes , rockets, and missiles all fly higher, faster, and farther with the help of composites. The major reasons for the use of composite materials in spacecraft applications include weight savings as well as dimensional stability in wide range of temperature variation from -100 to +100. Carbon-epoxy composite laminates can be designed to give zero coefficient of thermal expansion. Although the terms 'carbon' and 'graphite' are used interchangeably. The term carbon is used for any fiber carbonized to 90% or more. Graphite fibers are more accurately defined as fiber that are carbonized around 99%. APPLICATIONS These fibers are used to reinforce polymers in the constuction of strong, rigid, lightweight and highly durable products such as car bodies, b...
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ORIFICE

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 INTRODUCTION An orifice is a small opening of any cross-section (such as circular, triangular, rectangular etc.) on the side or at the bottom of a tank through which a fluid is flowing. It is used to measure rate of flow of fluid  Thickness of orifice in direction of flow is very small in comparison to its other dimensions. i.e Orifice has a sharp edge so that there is an contact with fluid and consequently minimum friction resistance at its sides. If sharp edge is not provided the flow will depend on thickness of orifice and roughness of its boundary too. The rate of flow of fluid through orifice depend on shape, size and form of orifice. CLASSIFICATION OF ORIFICE A) On the basis of cross sectional area Circular orifice  Triangular orifice Rectangular orifice Square orifice B) According to size  Small orifice - If head of liquid (H) >5 Times depth of orifice Large orifice - H< 5d C) According to shape of edge Sharp edge orifice  Bell mounted D) According...
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